Tennessee

(In Detail) (Full size)
State nickname: Volunteer State
Other U.S. States
Capital	Nashville
Largest City	Memphis
Governor	Phil Bredesen
Area  - Total  - Land  - Water  - % water	Ranked 36th 109,247 km² 106,846 km² 2,400 km² 2.2%
Population  - Total (2000)  - Density	Ranked 16th 5,689,283 52/km²
Admittance into Union  - Order  - Date	16th June 1, 1796
Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4 Central: UTC-6/-5 East TN in Eastern, Middle and West TN in Central
Latitude Longitude	35°N to 36°41'N 81°37'W to 90°28'W
Width Length Elevation   -Highest   -Mean   -Lowest	195 km 710 km   2,025 meters 275 meters 54 meters
ISO 3166-2:	US-TN

Tennessee is a southern state of the United States.

USS Tennessee was named in honor of this state.

Origin and History of the Name Tennessee

• Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, passed through a Native American village named "Tanasqui" after leaving South Carolina in the 1500s, near the river now known as Tanase, the "Little Tennessee".
• The origin of the name Tennessee is usually attributed to the Cherokee word Tanase, a word with no certain meaning (It has been said to mean "meeting place", "winding river" or "River of the great bend"). The word Tanase itself is said to be a Cherokee modification of a Yuchi/Creek word.
• It was also the name of an Overhill tribal town in what is currently Monroe County, TN.
• The earliest known use of the modern spelling was in 1754.
• In 1788 North Carolina named the third County to be established in what now is middle Tennessee "Tennessee County".
• The name was officially applied to the region of transmontane North Carolina formerly known as The Territory of the United States of America South of the River Ohio in 1793
• A constitutional convention was held in Knoxville on January 11th, 1796, forming the state "Tennessee" out of the Southwest Territory.

History as a State

• Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796 as the 16th state, and was created by taking the north and south borders of North Carolina and extending them with only one small deviation to the Mississippi River, Tennessee's western boundary. Tennessee seceded from the Union on June 8, 1861. After the American Civil War, Tennesse adopted a new constitution that abolished slavery (February 22, 1865), ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on July 18, 1866, and was the first state readmitted to the Union (July 24 of the same year).
• major historical events that occurred in state
  • Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor after the American Civil War, mostly due to the influence of President Andrew Johnson, a native of the state, who was Lincoln's vice president and succeeded due to the assassination.
  • In 1897, the state celebrated its centennial of statehood (ignoring the small question of the Civil War) with a great exposition.
  • During World War II, Oak Ridge was selected as a US Department of Energy national laboratory, one of the principal sites for the Manhattan Project's production and isolation of weapons-grade fissionable material.

Law and Government

Tennessee's governor holds office for a four year term and may serve any number of terms, but not more than two in a row. The speaker of the state Senate has the title of lieutenant governor. See:List of Tennessee Governors.

The General Assembly, ( the state's legislature) consists of the Senate which has 33 members and the House of Representatives with 99 members. Senators serve four year terms, and House members serve two year terms.

The highest court in Tennessee is the state Supreme Court. It has a chief justice and four associate justices. The Court of Appeals has 12 judges. The Court of Criminal Appeals has nine judges.

Tennessee's current state constitution was adopted in 1870. The state had two earlier constitutions. The first was adopted in 1796, the year Tennessee joined the union, and the second was adopted in 1834.

Geography

See:List of Tennessee counties See:List of Tennessee state parks

It is bordered on the north by Kentucky and Virginia, on the east by North Carolina, on the south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and on the west by Arkansas and Missouri. The state is bisected by the Tennessee River.

The state of Tennessee is traditionally divided by its people into three grand divisions - East, Middle, and West Tennessee.

Tennessee features six principal geographic regions. Roughly from west to east, these are:

• Gulf Coastal Plain - including the Mississippi Alluvial Plain; this is the largest region in Tennessee
• Nashville Basin
• Highland Rim - this is continuous with the region in Kentucky termed the Pennyroyal Plateau
• Cumberland Plateau - also called the Appalachian Plateau
• Ridge-and-valley Appalachians
• Blue Ridge Mountains - including the Great Smoky Mountains

Economy

According to U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2001 Tennessee's Gross State Product was $115,204,000,000, 1.1% of the total Gross National Product.

The 2001, the per capita personal income was $26,808, 36th in the nation, and only 88% of the national per capita personal income of $30,413. Total earnings were $110,654,536,000.(BEARFACTS)

• State income
• Major industries/products
• state taxes

Demographics

• state population

According to the 2000 census, Tennessee is 79.2% white, 16.4% black, 0.3% Native American, and 1% Asian.

• religious makeup of state

Important cities and towns

The capital is Nashville. Memphis has the largest population of any city proper in the state, but Nashville has a slightly larger metropolitan area, comprising over 20% of the state's population. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Smoky Mountains, have approximately a third of Memphis or Nashville's population. The three towns of Bristol, Kingsport, and Johnson City make up a fifth significant population center, often called the "Tri-Cities", in the far northeast of the state. As of 2000, the population is 5,689,283.

Tennessee cities' claims to fame are:

• Memphis - Blues music center, assassination of Martin Luther King, home of Elvis Presley
• Nashville - World center of country music industry, Southern Baptist Convention headquarters
• Knoxville - main campus of University of Tennessee, proximity to the Great Smoky Mountains
• Chattanooga - railroad center, "See Rock City", major Civil War battleground
• Oak Ridge - major scientific/research center, Manhattan Project
• Bristol - site of major NASCAR track
• Lynchburg - home of Jack Daniels distillery
• Smyrna - site of very large Nissan production faciltiy
• Spring Hill - like Smyrna, major automotive manufacturing center, only for Saturn automobiles
• Carthage - home of recent Vice President and Presidential candidate Al Gore
• Clarksville - main campus of Austin Peay State University
• Fort Campbell - Home of the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division

Education

Colleges and universities

Professional sports teams

Famous Tennesseans

see List of famous Tennesseans see List of Governors of Tennessee

Miscellaneous information

See: Tennessee State Flag

• The Tennessee Valley Authority is based in Knoxville.

External links

• Tennessee Encyclopedia Online (http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/intro.htm)
• State Government Website (http://www.tennessee.gov)
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory (http://www.ornl.gov)

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