Robert Caesar Childers (1838 - July 25, 1876) was a British Orientalist scholar, compiler of the first Pali dictionary. He was the father of British soldier and Irish nationalist Robert Erskine Childers and grandfather of Erskine Hamilton Childers.

Childers was born in Nice, France, to English parents. From 1860-64 he was an official in the Ceylon civil service. During this period he studied Sinhalese culture, particularly the Pali language. In 1869 he published the first Pali text in Britain, and began to work on a Pali dictionary, which was published 1872-75.

In 1872 he was appointed sub-librarian at the India Office, and in the following year he became the first professor of Pali and Buddhist literature at University College, London.

In 1876 Childers' dictionary was awarded the Volney prize by the Institute of France. He died in London the same year.