Northern Europe includes Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

Subdivisions within the group includes:

• Scandinavia, i.e. Sweden, Norway, Denmark
• Nordic countries, i.e. Scandinavia plus Finland and Iceland.
• Baltic States, i.e. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
• British Isles, which includes United Kingdom and Ireland
• others, e.g. Northern parts of Germany, The Netherlands, partly Poland

Remarks

1. The Baltic sea countries, as a related term, also include Germany, Poland and Russia
2. The Baltic States often are considered to be part of Eastern Europe, although they are separate peoples and not directly related by blood or language to, say, Russians. This is especially the case with Estonia, which has stronger ties with Finland than with Eastern Europe. Also, the Baltic States share many common traits with Northern Europe.
3. In a European Union context, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany and the Netherlands are often seen as belonging to the Northern group.