For alternate uses of "Liverpool" see Liverpool (disambiguation)

City of Liverpool
Geography
Status:	Metropolitan Borough, City (1880)
Region:	North West England
Ceremonial County:	Merseyside
Area: - Total	Ranked 232nd 111.84 km²
Admin. HQ:	Liverpool
ONS code:	00BY
Map coordinates	53°25' N, 3°0' W
Demographics
Population: - Total (2002 est.) - Density	Ranked 4th 441,477 3,947 / km²
Ethnicity:	94.3% White 1.1% S.Asian 1.2% Afro-Carib. 1.2% Chinese
Politics
Liverpool City Council http://www.liverpool.gov.uk/
Leadership:	Leader & Cabinet
Executive:	Liberal Democrats
MPs:	Maria Eagle, Louise Ellman, Jane Kennedy, Peter Kilfoyle, Robert Wareing

Liverpool is a city in Merseyside in north west England, on the north side of the Mersey estuary. The city is in the extreme southwest of the traditional county of Lancashire.

Introduction

Liverpool is governed by Liverpool City Council, one of five councils within Merseyside. The population of the city in the 2001 census was 439,473, the surrounding Merseyside conurbation has a population of 1,362,026. Liverpool is the second largest export port of the United Kingdom. Though not as pre-eminent as a century ago, Liverpool still possesses some manufacturing base.

Liverpool is internationally famous for being the city where the Beatles came from.

Liverpool runs directly into Bootle in Sefton, and Huyton in Knowsley. It faces Wallasey and Birkenhead across the River Mersey.

Inhabitants of Liverpool are officially known as "Liverpudlians", but more commonly known as "Scousers". They are noted for their distinctive accent, called Scouse. In London and elsewhere Liverpudlians are sometimes known as "Mickey Mousers" (from Cockney rhyming slang Scouse - Mickey Mouse). Sometimes Liverpudlians are called "whackers", as in "watcha whacker!".

There are three tunnels under the River Mersey: one railway tunnel, and two road tunnels, Queensway Tunnel and Kingsway Tunnel. There is also the Mersey Ferry, made famous by the song Ferry Cross the Mersey by Gerry and the Pacemakers. In fact the song is now played on the ferryboats themselves every time they prepare to dock at Liverpool.

In 2001, Speke Airport was renamed Liverpool John Lennon Airport, in honour of the late Beatle John Lennon. The airport's logo consists of a sketch that Lennon had drawn of himself, and the words "Above us only sky", lyrics from his legendary song "Imagine".

Liverpool has a train system called Merseyrail.

Liverpool's skyline, as seen from the River Mersey

Liverpool has three universities - Liverpool Hope University College, the University of Liverpool, and Liverpool John Moores University. The latter is one of the polytechnics given university status in 1992 and is named after the owner of the Littlewoods retail group.

Liverpool has a vibrant artistic life. Several pre-Raphaelites are among the important paintings of the Walker Art Gallery. With more to be found in the Sudley and Lady Lever Galleries. [1] (http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/) The Tate Liverpool gallery houses the modern art collection of the Tate in the north of England. The Liverpool Biennial is a festival of arts held (as the name implies) every two years. The festival generally runs from mid september to late november and comprises three main sections; the International, The Independants and New Contemporaries although many fringe events are timed to coincide.[2] (http://www.biennial.org.uk/)

A flourishing orchestra, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra performs in its own hall, the Philharmonic Hall. The city also became well known for the Liverpool poets, of whom Adrian Henri and Roger McGough are among the best known. The city is also home to several successful theatre companies - The Everyman & Playhouse [3] (http://www.everymanplayhouse.com/) as well as The Unity [4] (http://www.unitytheatreliverpool.co.uk/).

The city's daily newspaper is the Liverpool Echo. BBC Radio Merseyside, Juice 107.6 and Radio City as well as Magic 1548, based in St. John's Beacon which dominates the Liverpool skyline, all broadcast to the city.

Liverpool has two Premier division football clubs - Liverpool F.C. at Anfield and Everton F.C. at Goodison Park. Over the water at Tranmere are Tranmere Rovers F.C.

In 2003, Liverpool became European Capital of Culture for 2008 and started a £750 million regeneration of the city centre. In addition to the money being invested in the city centre, a tram system is being developed, which will hopefully complement the city's train and bus services.

History

The origins of the city are usually dated from August 1207 when Liverpool was proclaimed a borough and a port. Initially it served as a dispatch point for troops sent to Ireland. For four centuries, Liverpool was relatively unimportant. In the middle of the 16th century the population of Liverpool was only around 500, and the area was regarded as subordinate to Chester until the 1650s. A number of battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, including an eighteen day siege in 1644.

Liverpool Castle was built in the 13th century and was removed in 1726.

In the 18th century, as trade from the West Indies was added to that of Ireland and Europe, Liverpool began to grow. The first wet dock in Britain was built in Liverpool in 1715. Substantial profits from the slave trade helped the town grow and prosper. Liverpool's Black community dates from this period and grew rapidly, reaching a population of 10,000 within five years. By the beginning of the 19th century, 40% of the world's trade was passing through the docks at Liverpool.

Liverpool expanded significantly in the nineteenth century and a number of major buildings were constructed (St. George's Hall, Lime Street Station etc.). Liverpool was granted city status in 1880.

During the first part of the twentieth century Liverpool continued to expand; the population exceeded 850,000 in 1930. During World War II there were eighty air-raids on Merseyside, with an especially concentrated series of raids in May 1941 which interrupted operations at the docks for almost a week. Although only 2,500 people were killed, almost half the homes in the metropolitan area sustained some damage and 11,000 were totally destroyed.

Significant rebuilding followed the war, including massive housing estates and the Seaforth Dock, the largest dock project in Britain. However, the city has been suffering since the 1950s with the loss of numerous employers. By 1985 the population had fallen to 460,000. Declines in manufacturing and dock activity struck the city particularly hard.

96 Liverpool fans died or were severely injured in the Hillsborough disaster at a football game in 1989. This had a traumatic effect on people in both cities, and resulted in legally imposed changes in the way in which football fans have been accommodated in football stadiums since. A similar outpouring of grief and shock occurred in 1993 when two year-old Jamie Bulger was killed by two ten year-old boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson.

The city has emphasized its cultural attractions, winning the accolade of European City of Culture for 2008. Capitalising on the popularity of the 1960s pop group The Beatles and other groups of the Merseybeat era, tourism has also become a significant factor in Liverpool's economy.

Districts of Liverpool

• Aigburth
• Allerton
• Anfield
• Childwall
• Clubmoor
• Cressington/Grassendale
• Crosby
• Croxteth
• Dingle
• Edge Hill
• Everton
• Fairfield
• Fazakerley
• Garston
• Gateacre
• Hunts Cross
• Kirkdale
• Knotty Ash
• Litherland
• Mossley Hill
• Netherley
• Norris Green
• Old Swan
• Seaforth
• Sefton Park
• Speke
• St Michael's Hamlet
• Toxteth
• Tuebrook
• Walton
• Wavertree
• West Derby
• Woolton

Important landmarks and buildings

The built environment of Liverpool (over 2,500 listed buildings) is the inheritance of high-minded public spirit since the later 18th century, largely with Dissenter impetus, that has resulted in more public sculpture than in any UK city aside from Westminster, more listed buildings than any city apart from London and, surprisingly, more Georgian houses than the City of Bath.

Amongst its superlatives: Liverpool has the largest panel of stained glass in the world (in Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral), the largest brick building in the world, and the first enclosed integrated dock system in the world. The Anglican Cathedral has the longest nave, largest organ and heaviest and highest peal of bells in the world. Architects well represented in Liverpool: Giles Gilbert Scott, Peter Ellis, Harvey Lonsdale Elmes, and John Foster. Sir Edwin Lutyens is represented by the completed crypt of his projected Metropolitan Cathedral, which was built to a simpler design by Frederick Gibberd.

• Albert Dock
• Bluecoat Arts Centre
• Cunard Building
• Everyman Theatre
• Lime Street Station
• Royal Liver Building
• Liverpool Cathedral (Anglican)
• Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King (Roman Catholic),
• Liverpool John Moores University
• Liverpool University
• Merseyside Maritime Museum
• Museum of Liverpool Life
• Philharmonic Hall (and the neighbouring Philharmonic Public House)
• Pier Head
• Playhouse
• Port of Liverpool Building
• Quiggins
• Royal Court
• St. George's Hall
• St. Luke's Church
• St. Nicholas's Church the seafarers church
• The Beatles Story
• The Empire
• The Neptune
• The Tobacco Warehouse, Stanley Dock (the world's largest brick warehouse, and at the time of its construction the world's largest building)
• Walker Art Gallery
• William Brown Library

Famous Liverpudlians

• The Beatles - John Lennon, Ringo Starr, Sir Paul McCartney and George Harrison.

• Jean Alexander - She played Hilda Ogden on the long-running soap opera Coronation Street.
• Beryl Bainbridge - An acclaimed writer, nominated several times for the Booker Prize.
• Cilla Black - Singer and entertainer, and until recently, presenter of the long running T.V. show Blind Date.
• Charles Booth - Known for his surveys of poverty.
• Craig Charles - Actor and comedian, played Dave Lister in Red Dwarf and currently hosts Robot Wars.
• Anne Clough - Early Suffragette in the 1800s.
• Ken Dodd - Comedian and singer, well-loved for unique traits such as buck teeth, frizzy hair and tickling stick (as well of course for the 'diddy men').
• Robbie Fowler - A footballer talented enough to become known as 'God' to the Koppites that filled the Kop End at Anfield Stadium, home of Liverpool F.C. He left in 2001, moving to Leeds United for £11 million pounds, and then in 2003 to Manchester City, where he continues to play.
• William Gladstone - Four times Prime Minister with many notable achievements.
• Sir Richard Glazebrook - Physicist.
• Brian Jacques - Bestselling author of the Redwall series of children's fantasy books.
• Jeremiah Horrocks - Astronomer who calculated that the distance between Earth and the sun was 59,000,000 miles--- though well short of the actual distance of 93,000,000 miles, his estimate was more accurate than any other calculations of his time.
• Wayne Rooney - Footballer, who plays for Manchester United and England. He holds the honour of being the England teams youngest ever goal scorer.
• William Roscoe - Poet whose popular work was translated into French, German, and other languages.
• Leonard Rossiter - Actor who played the infamous Rigsby in the T.V. series Rising Damp, as well as many other roles.
• Adrian Scott Stokes - Artist known for his landscape paintings.
• George Stubbs - Artist known for his paintings of horses.
• Banastre Tarleton - A dashing and distinguished British cavalry officer during the American War of Independence. Despite a lack of money or family connections, he managed to rise to an independent command by the age of 24, an amazing achievement. He became notorious as "Bloody Ban" after his Tory regiment massacred surrendering Americans.

External links

• How much have you learnt about Liverpool from this page? Test your knowledge by playing Pick of the 'Pool (http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/city/)!
• Directory (http://www.xasa.com/directorio/mozilla/Top/Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Merseyside/Liverpool/)

See also

• Cream (nightclub)
• Vestey Group

Districts of England - North West England
Allerdale | Barrow-in-Furness | Blackburn with Darwen | Blackpool | Bolton | Burnley | Bury | Carlisle | Chester | Chorley | Congleton | Copeland | Crewe and Nantwich | Eden | Ellesmere Port and Neston | Fylde | Halton | Hyndburn | Knowsley | Lancaster | Liverpool | Macclesfield | Manchester | Oldham | Pendle | Preston | Ribble Valley | Rochdale | Rossendale | St Helens | Salford | Sefton | South Lakeland | South Ribble | Stockport | Tameside | Trafford | Vale Royal | Warrington | West Lancashire | Wigan | Wirral | Wyre
Administrative counties with multiple districts: Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside