This article is part of the series Politics of the R. of Ireland

President Council of State

Oireachtas Dáil Éireann Seanad Éireann

Taoiseach Tánaiste Government

Supreme Court Judiciary

Constitution Referendum

The Government (Irish: Rialtas), also known as the Government of Ireland, is the cabinet that exercises executive authority in the Republic of Ireland. The Government is headed by a prime minister called the Taoiseach, and a deputy prime minister called the Tánaiste. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President after being designated by Dáil Éireann (the lower house of parliament). The President then appoints the remaining ministers after they have been chosen by the Taoiseach and approved by the Dáil. The Government must enjoy the confidence of the Dáil if it is to remain in office.

Government Buildings, Dublin

Overview

The Constitution of Ireland is unusual among republican constitutions in that it does not make the President at least the nominal chief executive officer, but rather explicitly vests executive authority in the Government. The Irish cabinet is therefore not referred to as His or Her Excellency's Government. Under the constitution the Government must consist of between seven and fifteen members. Every member of the Government must be a member of the Oireachtas (parliament), but no more than two members may be chosen from the Senate, and the Taoiseach, Tánaiste and Minister of Finance must all be members of the Dáil. The Government is advised by the Attorney-General who is not formally a member of the Government but participates in its meetings. Members of the Government are also assisted by Ministers of State who are nonetheless not part of the cabinet and do not take part in its meetings.

In the event that the Taoiseach ceases "to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann"¹ there must either be a dissolution of the Dáil or the Taoiseach must resign. The President may, however, refuse to grant a dissolution to a Taoiseach who does not enjoy the support of the Dáil, and thus force their resignation. When the Taoiseach resigns, the entire Government is deemed to have vacated office collectively. The Taoiseach can also direct the President to dismiss or accept the resignation of individual ministers. In any circumstance in which the Taoiseach or cabinet have been removed from office, however, they continue to exercise their powers until a successor, or successors, have been appointed. The executive authority of the Government is subject to certain limitations. In particular:

• The state may not declare war, or participate in a war, without the consent of Dáil Éireann.
• Treaties must be ratified by the Dáil.
• The Government must act in accordance with the constitution.

If the Government fails to fulfill its constitutional duties, it may be ordered to do so by a court of law, by writ of mandamus. Ministers who fail to comply may, ultimately, be found to be in contempt of court, and even imprisoned.

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Origins

The Government was created by the 1937 Constitution of Ireland. It was preceded by the Executive Council of the 1922-1937 Irish Free State. Since the 1990s it has been common for Irish cabinets to consist of coalitions of two or more parties. The position of Tánaiste is often held by the smallest of the two largest coalition partners.

List of Governments

See also: Irish cabinets since 1919

Footnotes

1. Article 28, Section 10 of the Constitution of Ireland.

See also

• Politics of the Republic of Ireland
• "Ministries" which no longer exist:
  • Minister for Labour
  • Minister for Posts & Telegraphs

External link

• Official website (http://www.gov.ie)

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