The European Union member states competed separately at the 2004 Olympics in Athens. Following the Games, the President of the European Commission Romano Prodi issued a press release congratulating EU athletes for their success, and stating that he hoped to see teams in the 2008 Beijing games carrying the EU flag as well as their own national flags. His chief spokesman, Reijo Kemppinen, commented that the EU had "swept the floor in the Olympic Games", with nearly three times as many medals as the United States, which topped the medals table. The comments caused some controversy, being ridiculed by some Eurosceptic newspapers.
The final EU total of the following table is not representative of any official count. The EU not being a NOC, it is for a sole informative purpose that this unofficial total is displayed. Please take this fact in account when using it.
| Rank | NOC Name | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 48 | |
| 2 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 33 | |
| 3 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 32 | |
| 4 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 30 | |
| 5 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 17 | |
| 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 16 | |
| 7 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 22 | |
| 8 | | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| 9 | 3 | 11 | 5 | 19 | |
| 10 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 | |
| 11 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 | |
| 12 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | |
| 13 | 2 | 6 | 8 | ||
| 14 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 | |
| 15 | | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| 16 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 17 | | 1 | 1 | ||
| 18 | | 4 | 4 | ||
| 19 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||
| 20 | | 2 | 2 | ||
| 21 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||
| 22 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
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| | 82 | 101 | 103 | 286 |