The title of Earl of Strafford has been created several times in British history. The first creation was in the Peerage of England in 1640 for Lord Wentworth, the close advisor of King Charles I. In 1641, the 1st Earl was attainted. His son was the subject of a new creation in 1662, but died without heirs in 1695. The title was recreated in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1711 for a cousin, but became extinct in 1799. The final creation was in 1847 in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

The Earl bears the subsidiary titles of Viscount Enfield (1847), Baron Strafford (1835) and Baron Strafford (1875), all in the Peerage of the UK.

Earls of Strafford, First Creation (1640)

• Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (1593-1641) (forfeit 1641)
• William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford (1626-1695) (attainder reversed 1662)

Earls of Strafford, Second Creation (1641)

• William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford (1626-1695)

Earls of Strafford, Third Creation (1711)

• Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (1711) (1672-1739)
• William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford (1711) (1722-1791)
• Frederick Thomas Wentworth, 3rd Earl of Strafford (1732-1799)

Earls of Strafford, Fourth Creation (1847)

• John Byng, 1st Earl of Strafford (1772-1860)
• George Stevens Byng, 2nd Earl of Strafford (1806-1886)
• George Henry Charles Byng, 3rd Earl of Strafford (1830-1898)
• Henry William John Byng, 4th Earl of Strafford (1831-1899)
• Francis Edmund Cecil Byng, 5th Earl of Strafford (1835-1918)
• Edmund Henry Byng, 6th Earl of Strafford (1861-1951)
• Robert Cecil Byng, 7th Earl of Strafford (1904-1984)
• Thomas Edmund Byng, 8th Earl of Strafford (b.1936)