Most cities in Europe have alternative names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
For the purposes of this article, Europe includes Turkey, Cyprus and all the republics of the former Soviet Union. A number of important Mediterranean Basin cities are also included.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.
| Table of contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Aabenraa | Ĺbenrĺ (Danish), Apenrade (German) |
| Aachen | Aix-la-Chapelle (French), Aken (Dutch), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquisgrán (Spanish), Aquisgrana (Italian, Portuguese), Cáchy (Czech) |
| Adrianople | Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch), Adrianopoli (Italian), Adhrianúpolis - Αδριανούπολις (Greek), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Edirne (Czech, Dutch, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Hadrianople (variant in English), Odrin (Bulgarian) |
| Albacete | Albacete (Spanish), al-Basīt (Arabic) |
| Alexandroupolis | Alexandropolis (Dutch), Alexandrúpolis - Αλεξαντρούπολις (Greek), Dedeağaç (Turkish) |
| Algeciras | Algeciras (Spanish), al-Jazīra (Arabic) |
| Algiers | Algeri (Italian), Alger (French, Romanian), Algier (German, Polish), Algiers (Dutch), al-Jazā'ir (Arabic), Alžir (Serbian), Argel (Portuguese, Spanish), Cezayir (Turkish) |
| Alicante | Akra Leuke (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan), Alicante (Spanish), al-Laqant (Arabic), Lucentum (Latin) |
| Almaty | Alma-Ata (Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Almaty (Kazakh) |
| Amsterdam | Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterdam (Dutch, French, Italian, Polish), Amsterdăo (Portuguese), Amsterodam (Czech), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Aemstelredamme / Amstelredam (old Dutch names) |
| Ankara | Ancara (Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Angora (former English name, Italian [obs.]), Ankara (Polish, Turkish), Ánkira - Άγκυρα (Greek), Anqara (Arabic) |
| Anklam | Anklam (German), Nakło nad Pianą (Polish) |
| Antioch | Antakya (Turkish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (Italian, German, Polish, Slovak), Antiochie (Czech), Antiokia (Finnish), Antioquía (Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Antwerp | Amberes (Spanish), Amvérsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French), Anversa (Italian) |
| Aquileia | Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene) |
| Archangel | Arcángel (Spanish), Archangelsk (German), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian) |
| Arnhem | Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian) |
| Aschaffenburg | Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish) |
| Ashkhabad | Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad / Aschgabad / Aschgabat (German), Ašgabat (Finnish), Aşgabat (Turkish), Aşhabad (Romanian), Ašhabad (Serbian), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashkhabad (Russian), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic) |
| Assisi | Ascesi (medieval Italian), Asís (Spanish), Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish) |
| Astana | Akmolinsk (Russian), Akmola (Finnish), Akmola (variant in Russian), Akmoła (former Polish), Aqmola (former Kazakh), Astana (Kazakh, Polish), Tselinograd (former Russian) |
| Athens | Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), Ateena (Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish), Atena (Croatian, Romanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian), Atenes (Catalan), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian), Athén (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athene (Dutch), Athčnes (French), Athény (alternative Czech name), Athína - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Serbian, Turkish) |
| Augsburg | Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Polish), Augsburgo (Spanish), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Oogsborg (Low Saxon) |
| Avignon | Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French), Avignone (Italian), Avinhăo (Portuguese), Awinion (Polish) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Baku | Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Bākū (Arabic), Bakü (Turkish) |
| Bar (Montenegro) | Antivari (Italian), Bar (Croatian, Serbian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and medieval state) |
| Barcelona | Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Spanish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Ukrainian), Varkelóni - Βαρκελόνη (Greek) |
| Basel | Bâle (French), Basilea (Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasilía - Βασιλέία (Greek) |
| Bath | Aquae Sulis (Latin), Bađum / Bađan / Bađon (Anglo-Saxon) |
| Bautzen | Budyšín (Czech, Slovak, Sorbian/Lusatian), Budziszyn (Polish) |
| Bela Crkva | Bela Crkva (Serbian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bílá Cerevek (Czech) |
| Belfast | Béal Feirste (Irish) |
| Belford | Beffert (German), Befert (old German) |
| Belgrade | Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Finnish, German, Macedonian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish), Belgrád (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Singidunum (Latin), Velighrádhi (Greek) |
| Berat | Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albánský Bělehrad (Czech) |
| Bergen (Norway) | Bergen (Norwegian), Björgvin (Icelandic) |
| Berlin | Barlīn (Arabic), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Verolíno (Greek) |
| Berne | Bern (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Slovak, Turkish, Ukrainian), Berna (Italian, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Berno (Polish), Vérni - Βέρνη (Greek) |
| Białowieża | Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish) |
| Bilbao | Bilbao (Spanish), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque), El Botxo or El Bocho (Spanish nickname) |
| Bishkek | Bichkek (French), Biškek (Finnish, Serbian), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biszkek (Polish); Frunze (former name) |
| Bischofswerda | Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish) |
| Bologna | Bologna (Italian, Romanian), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonja (Serbian), Bolonya (Turkish) |
| Bolzano | Bolzano (Italian), Bozen (German) |
| Bordeaux | Bordeaux (French), Bordču (Gascon), Bordéus (Portuguese), Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Burdigala (Latin) |
| Bonn | Bona (Portuguese), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vóni - Βόννη (Greek) |
| Brasov | Braşov (Romanian), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish), Kronstadt (German), Stephanópolis (Greek) |
| Bratislava | Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian), Bratislava (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Swedish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (variant in German), Prešporok (Slovak till 1919) [Note: The name was officially changed from Pressburg/Prešporok/Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see Bratislava] |
| Bremen | Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Frisian, German, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrémi (Greek) |
| Bremerhaven | Bremerhaven (German), Brémský Přístav (Czech) |
| Brest (Belarus) | Brest-Litovsk (former English and Russian name), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939) |
| Bristol | Caerodor (Welsh) |
| Brno | Brno (Czech), Brünn (German) |
| Bruges | Briž (Macedonian, Serbian), Bruges (French, Portuguese), Brugge (Dutch), Brügge (German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Brujas (Spanish), Brygge (Finnish) |
| Bruntál | Bruntal (Polish), Bruntál (Czech), Freudenthal (German) |
| Brunswick | Braunschweig (German), Braunšvajg (Serbian), Brunšvik (Czech, Slovene), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Spanish), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish) |
| Brussels | Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Macedonian, Serbian), Brisele (Latvian), Brüksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Bruselles (Catalan), Brussel (Dutch), Brüssel (German), Brusselle (Italian [obs.]), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vrixéles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek) |
| Bucharest | Boekarest (Dutch), Bucarest (French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukourésti (Greek) |
| Buda (now part of Budapest) | Buda (Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese), Budín (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German) |
| Budapest | Boedapest (Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Budapest (Italian, German, Hungarian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Voudhapésti (Greek) |
| Budweis | Budweis (German), Budziejowice (Polish), České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak) |
| Buje | Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian) |
| Butrint | Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian) |
| Buzet | Buzet (Croatian), Pinguente (Italian) |
| Bydgoszcz | Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish) |
| Bytow | Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytów (Polish) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Cádiz | Cadice (Italian), Cádis (Portuguese), Cadix (French), Cádiz (Spanish), Gades (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic) |
| Cagliari | Cagliari (Italian), Cŕller (Catalan), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian) |
| Cairo | Le Caire (French), Caďro (Dutch), Cairo (Portuguese), El Cairo (Spanish), Il Cairo (Italian), Káhira (Czech), Kair (Polish), Kairo (Bulgarian, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), al-Qāhirah (Arabic), Maşr (local dialect name) |
| Canterbury | Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbéry (French), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kantelberg (Dutch) |
| Carcassonne | Carcassona (Italian), Carcassonne (French) |
| Cardiff | Caerdydd (Welsh), Kārdifa (Latvian) |
| Carlsbad | Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian), Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish) |
| Cartagena | Cartagena (Spanish), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthago Nova (Latin), al-Qartājanna (Arabic) |
| Celje | Celje (Slovene), Celle (German), Cilli (older English (1911 EB), older German) |
| Cetinje | Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Cheb | Cheb (Czech), Eger (German) |
| Chemnitz | Chemnitz (German), Kamienica Saska (Polish), Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990) |
| Chester | Caer (Welsh) |
| Chişinău | Chişinău (Moldovan/Romanian), Chisinau (Portuguese), Kešenev (Yiddish), Kischinew (German), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišinjev (Serbian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian) |
| Chorzów | Chorzów (Polish), Králova Huť (Czech) |
| Cieszyn | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak) |
| Cleves | Cléveris (Spanish), Clčves (French), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German) |
| Cluj | Claudiopolis (Latin), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvár (Hungarian) |
| Coblenz | Coblença (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (German) |
| Coburg | Coburg (German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Coimbra | Coimbra (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic) |
| Cologne | Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colónia (Portuguese), Keln (Serbian), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak), Kölle (Kölsch [local dialect]), Köln (Finnish, German, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolonía (Greek), Kolonia (Polish) |
| Copenhagen | Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Křbenhavn (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Polish), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkhági (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian) |
| Córdoba | Córdoba (Spanish), Cordoue (French), Cňrdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian), Córdova (Portuguese), al-Qurduba (Arabic) |
| Corfu | Corcyra (Latin), Corfou (French), Corfů (Italian), Corfú (Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfu (Finnish, German, Polish, Slovak), Krf (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian) |
| Corinth | Corint (Catalan), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Czech, Serbian, Slovak), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korinth (German), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish) |
| Cork | Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish) |
| Corunna | La Corogne (French), A Coruńa (Galician), La Coruńa (Spanish), Corunha (Portuguese) |
| Cottbus | Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech) |
| Cracow | Cracovia (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kraka (Yiddish), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakkó (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Krakova (Finnish), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Kraków (Polish), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian) |
| Crecy | Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French), Kresčak (Czech) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Debrecen | Debrecen (Hungarian), Debrecín (Czech), Debreţin (Romanian) |
| Den Bosch | Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (Italian [obs.]), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Herzogenbusch (German) |
| Dijon | Digione (Italian), Dijon (French), Diviodunum (Latin) |
| Dillingen | Dilinga (Spanish), Dillingen (German) |
| Donetsk | Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name) |
| Dover | Douvres (French), Duvra (Latvian) |
| Dresden | Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drésdi (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezno (Polish) |
| Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik (Croatian, Serbian), Ragusa (Italian) |
| Dublin | Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian), Dhuvlíno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublín (Spanish), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinni (Icelandic) |
| Dunkirk | Dhunkérki - Δουγκέρκη (Greek), Duinkerken (Dutch), Dunkerque (French), Dunkierka (Polish), Dünkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Durrës | Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian), Durazzo (Italian), Durrës / Durrësi (Albanian) |
| Düsseldorf | Dizeldorf (Macedonian), Düsseldorf (German), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch) |
| Dushanbe | Doesjanbe (Dutch), Douchanbé (French), Dušanbe (Finnish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tajik), Duşanbe (Romanian, Turkish), Dūšānbī (Arabic), Duschanbe (German), Duszanbe (Polish); Hissar (former name) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Edinburgh | Dún Éideann (Irish), Důn Čideann (Scots Gaelic), Edhimvoúrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Edinburg (German [rare]), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish) |
| Eger | Eger (Hungarian), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jáger (Slovak) |
| Eisenhüttenstadt | Eisenhüttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish) |
| Elsinore | Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German) |
| Erlangen | Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech) |
| Esztergom | Esztergom (Hungarian), Ostřihom (Czech) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Flensburg | Flensborch (Low Saxon), Flensborg (Danish), Flensburg (German) |
| Florence | Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firenze (Finnish, Italian), Floransa (Turkish), Florença (Portuguese), Florčncia (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German) |
| Flushing | Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch) |
| Fort Augustus | Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic) |
| Frankfurt | Francfort (Catalan), Fráncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfúrti - Φραγκφούρτη (Greek), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian) |
| Frankfurt (East Germany) | Fráncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Oder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian) |
| Freiburg | Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Fribourg-en-Brisgau (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian) |
| Freising | Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French) |
| Fribourg | Freiburg im Üechtland (German), Fribourg (French), Friburg (Romansh), Friburgo (Italian, Portuguese) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Gallipoli | Gelibolu (Turkish), Gallipoli (Italian), Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Kalípolis (Greek) |
| Galway | Gaillimh (Irish Gaelic) |
| Gdańsk | Danzica (Italian), Danzig (German), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdańsk (Polish), Gduńsk (Kashubian) |
| Gdynia | Gdingen (German), Gdyně (Czech), Gdiniô (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdynia (Polish), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945) |
| Geneva | Cenevre (Turkish), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Geneve (Finnish), Genčve (French), Genf (German), Ginevra (Italian), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneve / Genčve (Dutch), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenévi (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Ukrainian) |
| Genoa | Cenova (Turkish), Gčnova (Catalan), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Genua (Dutch, German, Polish), Genova (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Gęnes (French), Gęnova (Portuguese), Đenova (Serbian), Génova (Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Ghent | Gent (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Guanto (old Italian) |
| Gibraltar | Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian) |
| Girona | Gerona (Spanish) |
| Gjirokastër | Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirókastro (Greek), Gjirokastër / Gjirokastra (Albanian) |
| Glarus | Glaris (French), Glarus (German), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh) |
| Gmünd | Cmunt (Czech), Gmünd (German) |
| Gorizia | Gorica (Slovene), Gorizia (Italian), Görz (German) |
| Görlitz | Görlitz (German), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech) |
| Gothenburg | Göteborg (Finnish, German, Swedish), Goeteborg (Polish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Dutch, German [obs.]), Göteburg (Turkish) |
| Göttingen | Getynga (Polish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian) |
| Gramzow | Gramzow (German), Grębowo (Polish) |
| Granada | al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Grenade (French) |
| Graz | Gradec (Slovene), Graz (German), Grodziec (Polish), Štýrský Hradec (Czech) |
| Greifswald | Greifswald (German), Gryfia (Polish) |
| Grodno | Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian), Gardinas (Lithuanian) |
| Groningen | Grins (Frisian), Groningen (Dutch, German), Groningue (French), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Grunnen / Grönnen / Grunn'n (Gronings) |
| Grozny | Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Groznîi (Romanian) |
| Günzburg | Günzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish) |
| Győr | Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Ráb (Czech) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Haderslev | Hadersleben (German) |
| Hamburg | Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Romanian), Hamburk (Czech), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hampuri (Finnish), Hambourg (French), Amvoúrgo (Greek), Amburgo (Italian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gamburg (Russian), Hamburch (Frisian, Low Saxon) |
| Hämeenlinna | Tavastehus (Swedish) |
| Hamelin | Hameln (German), Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese), Hamelín (Spanish) |
| Hanau | Hanau (German), Hanava (Czech) |
| Hanover | Anóvero (Greek), Hanovre (French), Hannover (Dutch, Finnish, Italian, German), Hanovra (Romanian), Ganover (Russian), Hanóver (Spanish), Hanôver (Portuguese) |
| Heligoland | Helgoland (German) |
| Helsinki | Hilsīnkī (Arabic), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Elsínki (Greek), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsínquia (Portuguese) |
| Heraklion | Iraklion (Greek, Polish), Candia (Italian) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Innsbruck | Innsbruck (German), Inomost (Old Slovene), Inomostí / Inšpruk (Czech) |
| Istanbul | Constantinoble (Catalan), Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese, Serbian), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (Romanian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Konstantinoúpoli (Greek), Mikligarđur (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian) Former names: Bizanc (Croatian, Serbian), Bizanc / Carigrad / Konstantinopel (Slovene), Bizancjum / Carogród / Konstantynopol (Polish), Bizanţ / Constantinopol(e) / Stambul / Ţarigrad (Romanian), Bisanzio / Costantinopoli (Italian), Bysants / Konstantinopel (Norwegian), Byzantion (Greek), Byzantium / Constantinople (English), Byzantium / Constantinopolis (Latin), Carigrad (Croatian, Serbian), Cařihrad / Konstantinopol (Czech), Carihrad / Konštantínopol (Slovak), Constantinopel (Dutch), Konstantinopel (German), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Miklagard (Old Norse), Stamboul (Turkish), Tsarigrad (Russian); Estambul, Konstantinopyla, Koshta, Koshtandina, Kospoli, Kostan (other variants during Ottoman period) |
| Izmir | Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), İzmir (Turkish), Smirna (Serbian, old Romanian name), Smirne (Italian), Smirni (Greek), Smyrna (variant in English) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Jakobstad | Pietarsaari (Finnish) |
| Janina | Ioannina (Greek, Finnish), Giannina (Italian), Yanya (Turkish) |
| Jena | Iéna (French), Iena (Romanian) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Kaliningrad | Königsberg (German), Kalinjingrad (Croatian), Kaljinjingrad (Serbian), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (former Polish name), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian) |
| Kandalaksha | Kantalahti / Kannanlahti (Finnish) |
| Kartuzy | Karthaus (German) |
| Katowice | Katovice (Czech, Serbian), Katoviçe (Turkish), Katowice (Polish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogród (Polish 1953-1956) |
| Kaunas | Kaunas (Lithuanian), Kovno (Czech), Kowno (Polish), Kauen (German) |
| Kem' | Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish) |
| Kharkov | Harkova (Finnish), Charków (Polish), Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Karkov (Turkish), Kharkiv (Ukrainian), Harkov (Romanian) |
| Kiel | Kilonia (Polish), Kylius (Lithuanian), Quília (Portuguese) |
| Kiev | Kīyif (Arabic), Kijev (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Hungarian, Russian), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiova (Finnish), Kiew (German), Kíevo (Greek), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kíev (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese), Kyďv (Ukrainian), Kiav (Yiddish), Kćnugarđur (Icelandic) |
| Kilkenny | Cill Chainnigh (Irish) |
| Kiruna | Kiiruna (Finnish), Giron (Sami) |
| Klagenfurt | Celovec (Czech, Slovene), Klagenfurt (German), Želanec (alternative Czech name) |
| Klaipeda | Klaipėda (Lithuanian), Klaipeda (Finnish), Memel (German), Kłajpeda (Polish) |
| Kobarid | Caporetto (Finnish), Kobarid (Slovene) |
| Kondopoga | Kontiolahti (Finnish) |
| Konstanz | Constance (French, variant in English), Constância (Portuguese), Costanza (Italian), Konstancja (Polish), Köstence (Turkish), Kostnice (Czech) |
| Köpenick | Köpenick (German), Kopník (Czech) |
| Koper | Capodistria (Italian), Kopar (Croatian, Serbian), Koper (Slovene) |
| Košice | Kaschau (German), Kassa (Hungarian), Košice (Serbian, Slovak), Koszyce (Polish) |
| Kosovo Polje | Amselfeld (German), Fushe Koseve (Albanian), Kosowe Pole (Polish) |
| Kotor | Cattaro (Italian), Kotor (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Krems | Krems (German), Kremže / Křemže (Czech) |
| Kristinestad | Christinae Stadh (older Swedish name), Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Kristingrad (Serbian) |
| Krnov | Carnovia (Latin), Jägerndorf (German), Karniów (older Polish name), Krnov (Czech), Krnów (Polish) |
| Kudowa-Zdrój | Chudoba (Czech), Kudowa-Zdrój (Polish) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Labin | Albona (Italian), Labin (Croatian) |
| Lahti | Lahtis (Swedish) |
| Lappeenranta | Villmanstrand (Swedish) |
| Lausanne | Lausana (Spanish), Losanna (Italian), Lozan (Turkish), Lozana (Serbian), Lozáni (Greek), Lozanna (Polish) |
| Leeuwarden | Leeuwarden (Dutch), Ljouwert (Frisian) |
| Leghorn | Livourne (French), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German, Romanian), Liorna (Spanish) |
| Leiden | Leida (Italian), Lejda (Polish) |
| Leipzig | Lipsko (Czech, Slovak), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsk (Polish), Lipsia (Italian), Lípsia (Portuguese), Lipsía (Greek), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lajpcig (Serbian) |
| Lębork | Lauenburg (German) |
| Lezhë | Lezhë / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian) |
| Liege | Liège (French), Liegi (Italian), Lieja (Spanish), Liež (Serbian), Luik (Dutch), Lutych (Czech), Lüttich (German) |
| Lille | Lilla (Italian), Lille (French), Rijsel (Dutch) |
| Limerick | Luimneach (Irish) |
| Linz | Linec (Czech), Linz (German) |
| Lisbon | Lisabon (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Lisabona (Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Turkish), Lizbona (Polish) |
| Liverpool | Lerpwl (Welsh), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh), Liverpūle (Latvian) |
| Ljubljana | Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Lublaň (Czech), Laibach (German), Lubiana (Italian), Liubliana (Portuguese, Spanish), Lublana (Polish), Lubyana (Turkish), Ľubľana (Slovak) |
| Lleida | Lérida (Portuguese, Spanish), Lerida (Italian) |
| Löbau | Löbau (German), Lubiniec (Polish) |
| London | Landan (Arabic), Llundain (Welsh), Londain (Irish), Londen (Dutch), Londhíno (Greek), Londona (Latvian), Londra (Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Londres (French, Portuguese, Spanish), Londyn (Polish), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Lundúnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scots Gaelic) |
| Londonderry | Derry (official name in Republic of Ireland), Doire (Irish), Londonderry (official British name) |
| Lourdes | Lourdes (French), Lurdy (Czech) |
| Louvain | Leuven (Dutch), Louvain (French), Lovaina (Portuguese, Spanish), Lovaň (Czech), Lovanio (Italian), Löwen (German) |
| Lübeck | Lubecca (Italian), Lübeck (German), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lyypekki (Finnish) |
| Lucca | Lucca (Italian), Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish) |
| Lucerne | Lucern (Czech), Lucerne (French), Lucerna (Italian, Romansh, Polish, Romanian, Spanish), Lukérni (Greek), Luzern (German, Finnish, Serbian, Turkish) |
| Luleĺ | Luulaja (Finnish), Luleo (Serbian) |
| Lunenburg | Lüneburg (German), Luneburgo (Italian), Lüneburch (Low Saxon) |
| Luxembourg | Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Estonian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lúxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Afrikaans, French), Luxemburg (Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxembursko (Slovak), Luxemvúrgho - Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh) |
| L'viv | Lvov (Finnish), Lemberg (German), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Lwów (Polish), Liov (Romanian), L'vov (Russian, Slovak), Lavov (Croatian) |
| Lyons | Lyon (French, German), Liăo (Portuguese), Lione (Italian), Liyon (Serbian), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Maastricht | Maastricht (Dutch), Maestricht (former French), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (local Limburger dialect), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin) |
| Madrid | Madhríti (Greek), Madrid (French, Italian, Spanish), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madryt (Polish) |
| Mainz | Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Mayence (French), Magonza (Italian), Moguncja (Polish), Maguncia (Spanish), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Majnc (Serbian), Määnz (local dialect), Meenz (former local dialect) |
| Manchester | Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian) |
| Mantua | Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Slovak), Mantua (Latin), Mântua (Portuguese) |
| Maribor | Marburg (German), Morpurgo (old Italian) |
| Mariehamn | Maarianhamina (Finnish) |
| Marktredwitz | Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech) |
| Marseilles | Marseille (French), Marsīliyā (Arabic), Massalía (Greek), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsylia (Polish), Marselha (Portuguese), Marsilha (Provençal), Marsilia (Romanian), Marsel' (Russian), Marselj (Serbian), Marsella (Spanish), Marsilya (Turkish) |
| Mechelen | Malines (French), Mecheln (German), Malinas (Spanish) |
| Meissen | Meißen (German), Misnia (Italian), Míšeň (Czech), Miśnia (Polish) |
| Melk | Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (older German name) |
| Metz | Metz (French), Mety (Czech) |
| Mikkeli | Mikkeli (Finnish), St. Michel (Swedish) |
| Milan | Mīlānū (Arabic), Mailand (German), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana (former Greek name), Milaan (Dutch), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Milano (Croatian, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Miláno (Greek, Slovak), Milánó (Hungarian), Milăo (Portuguese) |
| Minsk | Mensk (Belarusian), Minszk (Hungarian), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k (Ukrainian) |
| Miskolc | Miskolc (Hungarian), Miškovec (Czech) |
| Monaco | Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Basque, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque) |
| Mons | Bergen (Dutch), Mons (French) |
| Montbéliard | Mömpelgard (German) |
| Moscow | Mūskū (Arabic), Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Belarusian), Moscovo (Portuguese), Moskva (Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Danish, Russian, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskou (Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Mosca (Italian), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moskau (German), Móskha (Greek), Moskwa (Polish), Moscova (Romanian), Moscú (Spanish) |
| Mukacheve | Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh (Yiddish), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German) |
| Mulhouse | Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (French), Mylhúzy (Czech) |
| Munich | Miyūnikh (Arabic), Mjunkhen (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Minhen (Serbian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), München (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Low Saxon, Swedish), Mónakho (Greek), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Monachium (Polish), Munique (Portuguese), Münih (Turkish), Múnich (Spanish) |
| Murmansk | Moermansk (Dutch), Mourmansk (French), Murmansk - Мурманск (Russian), Muurmansk (Finnish), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (alternative old Finnish names); Romanov-on-Murman (former name) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Nancy | Nanzig (German) |
| Naples | Nābūlī (Arabic), Nŕpols (Catalan), Napels (Dutch), Neapel (German), Neápolis (ancient Greek), Neápoli (modern Greek), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Neapol (Czech, Slovak, Polish), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapole (old Romanian name) |
| Narbonne | Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Italian), Narbonne (French) |
| Neuchâtel | Neuchâtel (French), Neuenburg (German) |
| Nice | Niça (Catalan), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German), Nicea (Polish), Níkea (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian) |
| Newport | Casnewydd (Welsh) |
| Nicosia | Lefkosía (Greek), Lefkoşe (Turkish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nicosia (Italian), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nicosie (French), Nikosia (German), Nikozia (Hungarian), Nikozija (Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nikosija (Russian, Ukrainian) |
| Nijmegen | Nimègue (French), Nimwegen (German), Nimega (Italian, Spanish) |
| Nizhniy Novgorod | Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish), Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian), Gorkiy (former name), Nowogród (Polish), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nischnij Nowgorod (German) |
| Novi Sad | Neusatz (German), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Serbian), Nový Sad (Slovak), Ujvidék (Hungarian) |
| Nuremberg | Neurenberg (Dutch), Norimberg (Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürnberg (German, Finnish), Nyremvéryi (Greek) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Óbuda (now part of Budapest) | Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech) |
| Oldenburg | Starogard (Polish, Serbian), Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German) |
| Olomouc | Olmütz (German), Olomouc (Czech), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech - Hanakian dialect), Olomuncium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish) |
| Opava | Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German) |
| Opole | Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German) |
| Oporto | Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian), Porto (Czech, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian) |
| Oradea | Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian), Varadinum (Latin) |
| Oranienburg | Bötzow (former German name), Oranienburg (German), Bocov (Czech) |
| Oslo | Ūslū (Arabic), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name), Kristiania (late version of former name) |
| Osnabrück | Osnabrugge (Dutch), Osnabruque (Portuguese) |
| Ostend | Oostende (Dutch/Flemish), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Serbian) |
| Oświęcim | Auschwitz (German), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Oświęcim (Polish) |
| Oulu | Uleĺborg (Swedish) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Padua | Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Slovak), Pádua (Portuguese), Padwa (Polish) |
| Palermo | Palerme (French), Palermo (Italian, Finnish, Polish) |
| Pamplona | Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruńa (Basque), Pamplona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish) |
| Paris | Bārīs (Arabic), Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Pariz (Croatian, Serbian), Paříž (Czech), Parijs (Dutch), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parísi (Greek), Párizs (Hungarian), Parigi (Italian), Parīze (Latvian), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryż (Polish), Paríž (Slovak), París (Catalan, Spanish) |
| Parma | Parme (French), Parma (Italian, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Pärnu | Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian), Pernau (German) |
| Passau | Batavia (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech), Passau (German), Passovia (Italian) |
| Pazin | Pisino (Italian), Pazin (Croatian) |
| Pécs | Pětikostelí (Czech), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Päťkostolie (Slovak) |
| Perpignan | Perpignan (French), Perpignano (Italian), Perpińán (Spanish), Perpinhăo (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyŕ (Catalan) |
| Perugia | Pérouse (French), Perugia (Italian), Perusa (Spanish) |
| Petroskoy | Petrozavodsk (Russian), Petroskoi (Finnish), Äänislinna (old Finnish name) |
| Piacenza | Piacenza (Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish) |
| Plauen | Plauen (German), Plavno (Czech) |
| Pleven | Pleven (Bulgarian), Plevno (Czech) |
| Plovdiv | Filibe (Turkish), Filippopoli (Italian), Philippoúpolis (Greek), Plovdiv (Bulgarian), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (ancient Macedonian, Moesian) |
| Plymouth | Pleimuiden (Dutch) |
| Plzeň | Pilsen (German, Italian), Pilzno (Polish) |
| Podgorica | Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name) |
| Pompeii | Pompei (Italian), Pompeia (Portuguese), Pompeji (German), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Serbian), Pompeje (Polish), Pompiia (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish) |
| Porec | Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian) |
| Pori | Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish) |
| Portorož | Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Slovene) |
| Porvoo | Borgĺ (Swedish), Porvoo (Finnish) |
| Potsdam | Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (German, Italian), Poczdam (Polish) |
| Poznań | Poznań (Polish), Posen (German), Posnania (Latin), Posnanie (French) |
| Prague | Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Czech, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Praag (Dutch), Prag (German, Croatian, Serbian, Turkish, Swedish) Prága (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish), Prag / Prog (Yiddish) |
| Priozersk | Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name) |
| Pristina | Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština (Приштина) (Serbian), Priştina (Turkish), Prisztina (Polish) |
| Pruszcz Gdański | Praust (German), Pruszcz Gdański (Polish) |
| Pskov | Pihkva (Estonian), Pihkova (Finnish), Psków (Polish), Pleskau (German) |
| Pula | Pola (Italian), Pula (Croatian) |
| Pyrzyce | Pyritz (German), Pyrzyce (Polish) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Riga | Rīġā (Arabic), Riha (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish), Riga (Italian, Portuguese) |
| Rijeka | Fiume (Italian, Hungarian), Rijeka (Croatian) |
| Regensburg | Řezno (Czech), Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Ratisbonne (French), Ratyzbona (Polish), Ratisbon (English [obs.], Latin), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (German) |
| Rheims | Reims (French), Remeš (Czech) |
| Rhodes | Rhodes (French), Rodos (Turkish), Ródhos (Greek) |
| Rome | Rūmiya (Arabic), Rim (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Rom (German), Rómi (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Rzym (Polish) |
| Roskilde | Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish) |
| Rostock | Rostock (German), Roztoky (Czech) |
| Rouen | Rouen (French), Ruăo (Portuguese), Rúđuborg (Icelandic) |
| Rovaniemi | Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Finnish, Swedish) |
| Rovinj | Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Saarbrücken | Sarrebruck (French, Spanish) |
| Saarlouis | Saarlautern (German 1939 - 1945) |
| Sagunto | Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish) |
| Salzburg | Salisburgo (Italian), Salzburgo (Spanish), Salzbourg (French), Solnohrad (Czech) |
| Samara | Kuybyshev (former name) |
| Samarkand | Samarcanda (Italian, Spanish), Samarcande (French), Samarkanda (Polish), Semerkant (Turkish) |
| San Sebastián | Donostia (Basque), Sant Sebastiŕ (Catalan) |
| Santiago de Compostela | Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galícia (Catalan), Saint Jacques de Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Portuguese), Santiago di Compostella (Italian) |
| Saragossa | Zaragoza (Czech, Spanish), Saragosse (French), Saragossa (Catalan, German), Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragozza (Italian) |
| Sarajevo | Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Saraybosna (Turkish) |
| Saranda | (Áyii) Saránda (Greek), Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Santiquaranta (Italian) |
| Saverne | Zabern (German) |
| Schaffhausen | Schaffouse (French), Schaffhausen (German), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish) |
| Schweinfurt | Schweinfurt (German), Svinibrod (Czech) |
| Schwerin | Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech) |
| Schwyz | Schwytz (French), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh) |
| Senj | Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian) |
| Seville | al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Sevilha (Portuguese), Séville (French), Siviglia (Italian), Sewilla (Polish), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, Slovak, Spanish, German), Sevilia (Romanian [obs.]), Sevilya (Turkish) |
| Shkodër | Scutari (Italian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian), Szkodra (Polish), Skutari (German) |
| Sibenik | Sebenico (Italian), Šibenik (Croatian) |
| Sibiu | Sibiň (Czech), Sibiu (Romanian), Hermannstadt (German), Szeben (Hungarian) |
| Sienna | Sienne (French), Siena (Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Turkish) |
| Skopje | Shkupi (Albanian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Skopie (Bulgarian), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skópia (Greek), Skop'e (Russian), Skopia (Spanish), Üsküp (Turkish) |
| Sligo | Sligeach (Irish) |
| Solin | Salona (Italian), Solin (Croatian) |
| Sofia | Serdica (Latin), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Sofija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Sofia (Italian), Sófia (Greek, Portuguese), Szófia (Hungarian), Sofía (Spanish), Sofya (Turkish) |
| Solothurn | Soleure (French), Solothurn (German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish) |
| Sřnderborg | Sonderburg (German) |
| Sopron | Ödenburg (German), Šoproň (Czech), Sopron (Hungarian) |
| Speyer | Spires (English [obs.]), Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spire (French), Spira (Italian), Špýr (Czech) |
| Split | Spalato (Italian), Split (Croatian) |
| St. Gallen | Saint-Gall (French), Sankt Gallen (German), San Gallo (Italian), Son Gagl (Romansh), Svatý Havel (Czech) |
| St. Petersburg | Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), Sankt-Pecjarburh (Belarusian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), Peterburi (Estonian), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Péterbourg (French), Sankt Petersburg (German, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian), Ayía Petroúpoli (Greek), Szentpétervár (Hungarian), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Săo Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian), Sankt Peterburg (Slovak, Serbian), Sankt Peterzburg (Serbian), San Petersburgo (Spanish), Leningrad (former name), Petrograd (former name), Leningrado (former Italian name), Petrohrad (former Czech name) |
| St. Moritz | Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svatý Mořic (Czech) |
| Stockholm | Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Estocolm (Catalan), Štokholm (Serbian, Slovak), Tukholma (Finnish), Stokkhólmi (Greek), Stoccolma (Italian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Sztokholm (Polish), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Stokgol'm (Russian, Ukrainian) |
| Stralsund | Stralsund (German), Strzałowo (Polish) |
| Strasbourg | Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Štrasburk (Czech), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strassburg (Finnish), Straßburg (German), Strasburg (Polish), Strasburgo (Italian), Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strazbur (Serbian) |
| Straubing | Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech) |
| Stuttgart | Estugarda (Portuguese), Štíhrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Stuttgart (German), Stoutgárdhi (Greek) |
| Swansea | Abertawe (Welsh) |
| Świnoujście | Swinemünde (German), Świnoujście (Polish) |
| Syracuse | Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakúzy (Slovak), Sirakuza (Serbian), Siraküza (Turkish), Syrakusa (Finnish) |
| Szczecin | Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Szczecin (Polish), Štětín (Czech), Štetín (Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Šćećin (Serbian) |
| Szeged | Segedín (Czech), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian) |
| Székesfehérvár | Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak) |
| Szentendre | Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svatý Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian) |
| Szombathely | Kamenec (Czech), Szombathely (Hungarian) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Tallinn | Lindanissa (Latin variant), Rävel (old Swedish name), Reval (old German name), Revalia (Latin), Rewal or Tallin (Polish), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Taljin (Serbian), Tallin (Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, Slovak, Spanish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish) |
| Tampere | Tammerfors (Swedish), Tampere (Finnish) |
| Taranto | Tarent (Czech, German, Serbian), Tarente (French), Taranto (Italian), Tarento (Spanish) |
| Tartu | Tartto (Finnish), Dorpat (German, Polish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918) |
| Tashkent | Tašqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish), Tachkent (French), Taskéndē (Greek), Taskent (Hungarian), Taszkient / Taszkent (Polish), Taškent (Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Taşkent (Romanian, Turkish), Toshkent (Uzbek), Taschkent (German) |
| Tbilisi | Tiflīs (Arabic), Tbilissi (French), Tbilisi (Georgian, Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Tiflis (German, Italian [obs.], Turkish), Tyflída (Greek), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Tibilisi / Tyflis (Polish) |
| Tekirdağ | Rodosto (Greek) |
| Terezín | Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German) |
| Těšín | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Tešín (Slovak) |
| The Hague | Lāhāy (Arabic), De Haach (Frisian), Den Haag / 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Czech, Finnish, Slovak, Slovene), La Haye (French), L'Aia (Italian), Den Haag / der Haag (German), Kháyi (Greek), Hága (Hungarian), Haga (Polish, Romanian), Haia (Portuguese), Gaaga (Russian), La Haya (Spanish), Haaha (Ukrainian), Hag (Serbian), Lahey (Turkish) |
| Thessaloniki | Saloniki (alternative Greek name), Soluň (Czech), Thessalonique (French), Saloniki (German, Polish), Salonicco / Tessalonica (Italian), Salonic (Romanian), Selanik (Turkish), Solún (Slovak), Solun (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene), Salonica (alternative English name), Tesalónica (Spanish), Tessalónica (Portuguese), Tessalonika (Finnish) |
| Thionville | Diedenhofen (German) |
| Timisoara | Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeschwar / Temeschburg (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Timişoara (Romanian), Temeşvar (Turkish) |
| Tirana | Tiranë / Tirana (Albanian), Tirana (Italian, Portuguese), Tiran (Turkish) |
| Tongeren | Tongern (German), Tongres (French) |
| Tórshavn | Thorshavn (Danish), Ţórshöfn (Icelandic) |
| Toruń | Toruń (Polish), Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German), civitas Torunensis (Latin), Torń (Kashubian) |
| Toulon | Tolone (Italian), Toulon (French) |
| Toulouse | Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tolosa (Italian, Latin), Toulouse (French, Portuguese), Tuluza (Polish), Tuluz (Serbian) |
| Trebizond | Trabzon (Turkish), Trapezunt (German, Finnish, Polish, Romanian [obs.]), Trapezoúnda (Greek), Trebisonda (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese), Trébizonde (French) |
| Trent | Trento (Italian, Portuguese), Trient (German), Trident (Czech), Trente (French, Dutch), Trydent (Polish) |
| Trier | Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trčves (French), Treviri (Italian), Trewir (Polish), Tréveris (Spanish, Portuguese) |
| Trieste | Triest (German), Terst (Czech), Trst (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Trieste (Italian, Portuguese), Tergeste (Latin) |
| Trogir | Traů (Italian), Trogir (Croatian) |
| Trondheim | Nidaros (Norwegian 997-15th century and 1930), Trondhjem (Dano-Norwegian 15th century-1929), Trondheim (Norwegian 1931-1939 and 1945-present), Drontheim (1940-1945) (German name during WWII occupation), Ţrándheimur (Icelandic) |
| Tromsř | Tromssa (Finnish, Sami) |
| Tübingen | Tubinga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tubingue (French), Tubinky / Tybinky (Czech) |
| Turin | Turín (Czech, Slovak), Turijn (Dutch), Torino (Italian, Croatian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Finnish, Turkish), Turim (Portuguese), Turyn (Polish) |
| Turku | Ĺbo (Swedish), Aboa / Aboia / Turcua (Latin), Turu (Estonian), Turku (Finnish) |
| Tver | Kalinin (former name), Tver (Italian, Slovene), Twer (Polish, German) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Überlingen | Überlingen (German), Jibrovice (Czech) |
| Udine | Udin (Friulian), Udine (Italian), Videm (Czech) |
| Ulcinj | Dulcigno (Italian), Ulcinj (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Ulm | Ulm (German), Ulma (Italian) |
| Ulyanovsk | Simbirsk (former name), Uljanovsk (Serbian, Slovene), Uljanowsk (German) |
| Umag | Umago (Italian), Umag (Croatian) |
| Umeĺ | Uumaja (Finnish) |
| Utrecht | Utert (Frisian), Utrecht (Dutch), Traiectum (Latin) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Vaasa | Vasa (Swedish), Wasa (older Swedish name), Waza (Polish), Nikolainkaupunki (alternative old Finnish name) |
| Valencia | Valčncia (Catalan), Valence (French), Valencia (Slovene, Spanish), Valęncia (Portuguese), Walencja (Polish) |
| Valletta | Fālītā (Arabic), La Valette (French), Valéta (Greek), La Valletta (Italian, Slovak), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), La Valeta (Portuguese) |
| Venice | al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Feneyjar (Icelandic), Venecija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian), Venčcia (Catalan), Benetke (Slovene), Benátky (Czech, Slovak), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venetië (Dutch), Venetsia (Finnish), Venise (French), Venetía (Greek), Velence (Hungarian), Venezia (Italian), Wenecja (Polish), Veneza (Portuguese), Veneţia (Romanian), Venecia (Spanish), Venedik (Turkish), Vinitsia (Yiddish) |
| Vienna | Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Bécs (Hungarian), Dunaj (Slovene), Fienna (Welsh), Vena (Russian, Ukrainian), Vīne (Latvian), Vídeň (Czech), Viedeň (Slovak), Viena (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian), Vienna (Italian), Vienne (French), Viénni (Greek), Vin (Yiddish), Viyana (Turkish), Wenen (Dutch), Wiedeń (Polish), Wien (Finnish, German, Swedish) |
| Villach | Bělák (Czech), Beljak (Slovene), Bilachium (Latin), Villach (German), Villaco (Italian) |
| Vilnius | Filniyūs (Arabic), Vilna (Italian, Spanish, Slovene, Finnish), Vilne (Yiddish), Viļņa (Latvian), Vil'nja / Vil'njus (Belarusian), Vil'njus (Russian, Ukrainian), Vilnjus (Serbian), Vilno (Czech), Wilna (German), Wilno (Polish) |
| Vitoria | Gasteiz (Basque), Vitória (Portuguese) |
| Vladikavkaz | Ordzhonikidze (former name 1932-1944 and 1954-1990), Dzaudzhikau (former name 1944-1954) |
| Vlorë | Vlorë / Vlora (Albanian), Valona (Italian, Serbian), Aulona (old name) |
| Volgograd | Stalingrad (former name), Tsaritsyn (former name), Wołgograd (Polish), Carycyn (former Polish name), Volgograd (Slovene), Volgogrado (Portuguese, Spanish), Wolgograd (German), Estalinegrado (former Portuguese name), Stalingrado (former Italian name) |
| Vyborg | Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Swedish), Wiburg (German) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Wangen | Vanky (Czech), Wangen (German) |
| Warsaw | Wārsū (Arabic), Varšava (Belarusian, Czech, Croatian, Russian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Warschau (Dutch, German), Varssavi (Estonian), Varsova (Finnish), Varsovie (French), Varsovía (Greek), Varsóvia (Portuguese), Varsó (Hungarian), Varsavia (Italian), Varšava (Serbian, Slovene), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Varşovia (Romanian), Warszawa (Polish), Varsovia (Latin, Spanish), Varşova (Turkish), Varshe (Yiddish) |
| Waterford | Port Láirge (Irish) |
| Weimar | Výmar (Czech), Weimar (German) |
| Wejherowo | Neustadt in Westpreußen (German), Wejherowo (Polish) |
| Wolgast | Wolgast (German), Wołogoszcz (Polish) |
| Worms | Wormacja (Polish), Wormazia (Italian [obs.]), Worms (German) |
| Wroclaw | Wrocław (Polish), Vratislav (Czech), Vratislavia / Wratislavia / Wracislavia (Latin), Breslau (Dutch, German, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish), Wroclaw (Finnish, Slovene), Vratislav / Vroclav (Slovak, Serbian), Breslavia (Italian) |
| Würzburg | Wörzborg (Low Saxon), Würzburg (German), Wurzburgo (Spanish) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Yekaterinburg | Jekaterinburg (Serbian, Finnish, German, Slovene, Swedish), Jekaterynburg (Polish), Ekaterinburg (Romanian), Ekaterinburgo (Spanish), Sverdlovsk (former name) |
| Yerevan | Yirīfān (Arabic), Erevan (French, English [rare], Romanian, Slovene), Jerewan / Eriwan (German), Jereván (Hungarian), Erewan (Polish), Jerevan (Czech, Finnish, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Serbian), Ereván (Spanish), Erivan (Turkish) |
| York | Caerefrog (Welsh), Eboracum (Latin), Jorvik (ancient Scandinavian), Jórvík (Icelandic) |
| Ypres | Ieper (Dutch), Ypres (French), Ypern (German) |
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Zadar | Zara (Italian), Zadar (Croatian) |
| Zagreb | Zaġrib (Arabic), Záhřeb (Czech), Záhreb (Slovak), Agram (German [obs.]), Zágráb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagrzeb (Polish), Zagreb (Slovene), Zagrep (Turkish), Zahreb (Ukrainian), Zâgreb (Serbian) |
| Zeebrugge | Seebrügge (German) |
| Zittau | Žitava (Czech), Zittau (German), Żytawa (Polish) |
| Zug | Zoug (French), Zug (German, Romansh), Zugo (Italian) |
| Zurich | Zūrīk (Arabic), Cirih (Serbian), Curych (Czech), Zurich (French), Zürich (German, Finnish, Slovene, Swedish), Zurigo (Italian), Turitg (Romansh), Zúrich (Spanish), Zyríkhi (Greek), Ciurichas (Lithuanian), Zurych (Polish), Zurique (Portuguese), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Zürih (Turkish) |
| Zwickau | Cvikov (Czech), Zwickau (German) |